EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF A DIDACTIC PROTOTYPE OF A VERTICAL WIND TURBINE FOR LOW WIND SPEEDS: A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR ENERGY GENERATION IN DOMESTIC ENVIRONMENTS.

Abstract

This research proposes an accessible solution for energy generation in domestic settings by promoting mini-wind energy as a key alternative in the transition toward clean and sustainable energy. Wind energy is a renewable source harnessed from an inexhaustible natural resource—the wind. Unlike fossil fuels, it does not rely on finite reserves and can be continuously utilized as long as climatic conditions permit.

The study focuses on the design and construction of a vertical-axis wind turbine prototype, specifically intended for educational purposes and to facilitate the learning of engineering principles. The prototype is engineered to operate efficiently at low wind speeds, starting from 3 m/s. Simulations indicated that polypropylene is the most suitable material for manufacturing the turbine blades due to its light weight and responsiveness to moderate wind speeds.

To enhance energy output, the system was optimized to increase the rotor's revolutions per minute (RPM) to generate direct current (DC). A 1:4 gear transmission system made of plastic nylon—chosen for its high hardness and mechanical strength—was implemented. This system successfully increased the rotor’s speed from 12 RPM to 48 RPM at the driven shaft, making it compatible with electrical generators that require higher operating speeds.

The prototype demonstrated adequate efficiency, confirming that the blade size and curvature are well-suited for capturing wind energy in low-speed conditions. Overall, the design serves as an effective educational tool, illustrating key engineering concepts such as material selection, gear mechanics, and renewable energy conversion.

In conclusion, the developed prototype represents a meaningful advancement in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions for areas with moderate wind conditions.