Research on the Optimization Mechanism of Public Space Environmental Design Based on the Coupling of Environmental Behavior Science and Human Factors Engineering

Abstract

Public space plays a vital role in urban systems, influencing social interaction, human behavior, and environmental experience. With acceleratingurbanization,traditionaldesignapproachesbasedmainlyon spatial form and aesthetics are no longer sufficient to address diverse user needs. This study investigates an optimization mechanism for public space environmental design based on the coupling of environmental behavior science and human factors engineering. By integrating theories of environmental perception, behavioral response, and human-centered design, a comprehensive analytical framework is developed to explore the interaction between spatial elements and human behavior. The study analyzes how environmentalstimuli affect users’ cognition,emotionalresponses,andbehavioraldecisionsinpublic spaces. On this basis, an optimization model is proposed to enhance spatial usability, comfort, and interaction efficiency. The findings suggest that combining environmental behavior science with human factors engineering enables a more systematic and adaptive design strategy